In 1892, in Wyoming, open violence broke out between cattle-ranchers and homesteaders in Johnson County.
Wyoming had been cattle-rustling country and the state government was run by Homesteaders and lawmen.
Ranching went through difficult times in the 1880s and more and more homesteaders were settling on the land, often fencing off water holes. This made ranchers angry.
Cattle stealing ('rustling') made ranchers angry. They blamed the the local sheriff and US Marshal for failing to protect them. They also accused Indians.
In 1889 a rancher, Albert Bothwell, accused a store owner, Jim Averill, and his partner Ella Watson, of rustling. Bothwell got a gang of men together, who attacked and hanged Averill and Watson without trial.
Ella Watson was a famous local Prostitute, she placed an ad in a local paper attacked and criticising the powerful local Cattle Baron.
Violence increased. The ranchers hired a gunman, Frank Canton. Homesteaders armed themselves.
In 1899, Canton and a large group of armed men invaded Johnson County. There was a shoot-out at the TA Ranch and several were injured but no one was killed.
Nate Champion's cowardly defense of his ranch, the TA Ranch failed to help the situation
News reached the President of the USA, who sent in troops. Both sides disarmed and cooled off.